However, novel species and strains also arise as a result of sexual recombination. Diversity and management of phytophthora in southeast asia. Chapters cover major hosts, identification, epidemiology, management, current research, future perspectives and the impacts of globalization on phytophthora. This fungus is found worldwide in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate climates. Pdf fungal and oomycete diseases of tropical tree fruit. Crops grown in the tropics are subject to different kinds of disease pressure from those. Phytophthora palmivora is one of the most ubiquitous and destructive plant pathogens of tropical tree crops such as palms, cocoa, citrus and rubber1. Phytophthora palmivora an overview sciencedirect topics. Pdf fungal and oomycete diseases of tropical tree fruit crops. Chromosome size differences in phytophthora palmivora, a.
Phytophthora palmivora has an optimum temperature for growth of 30 c, a maximum temperature of 36 c and a minimum temperature of 12 c. Phytophthora palmivora butler strain mvw was first registered as devine in 1981 by abbott. Fungal and oomycete diseases of tropical tree fruit crops. All of these approaches are discussed with tropical perennial exam ples. Phytophthora palmivora in tropical tree crops core. Phytophthora palmivora is one of the most ubiquitous and destructive plant pathogens of tropical tree crops such as palms, cocoa, citrus and. Centre for tropical plant protection, brisbane and management of. Phytophthora palmivora is one of the most ubiquitous and destructive plant pathogens of tropical tree crops such as palms, cocoa, citrus and rubber 1. The pathogen produces the most sporangia at 25 c but no sporangia are produced at temperatures higher than 35 c or lower than 15 c. Pathogens such as phytophthora palmivora affect multiple plant. Professor andre drenth professorial research fellow. It causes disease on numerous plants besides palms. Prabhakaran nair, in the agronomy and economy of important tree crops of the developing world, 2010.
Request pdf widely distributed variation in tolerance to phytophthora palmivora in four genetic groups of cacao the tropical tree theobroma cacao is the source of chocolate, and its seeds are. Phytophthora palmivora is the fungus most commonly associated with palm bud rots in florida. On cocoa, where it causes blackpod disease, annual losses are conservatively estimated at 10% of the crop 2. This book provides an overview of phytophthora species impacting crops, forests, nurseries, greenhouses and natural areas worldwide. This chapter provides an overview of the key factors driving the epidemiology of phytophthora on tropical tree crops including the fundamental biology, relevant environmental factors and agronomic practices unique to these systems. Diseases of tropical perennial crops world cocoa foundation.
Pdf the tropics produce a range of fruit from tree crops that cannot be. Pathogens such as phytophthora palmivora affect multiple plant parts, including roots. Phytophthora palmivora occurs in the center of origin of cocoa and causes 44 percent global crop loss. Phytophthora megakarya is restricted to cameroon, nigeria, togo, and ghana, causing about 10 percent crop loss. Widely distributed variation in tolerance to phytophthora.
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